Wednesday, 30 March 2022

LABELS, ACTIONS AND CAUSES OF INEQUALITY



INTRODUCTION

What is inequality?  How do we know it when we see it?  How do we describe it?  What does society do about it?

1.      Humanity, both here in the USA and around the world has struggled with these questions for millennia.  Inequality and its many sub-divisions is endemic in human culture.  Humanity is a kaleidoscope of differences; language, religion, politics, laws, color, accents, geography, gender are just some of the differences that are woven through humanity and ever has it been thus.  Differences between humans have always been there.  If we believe in Darwin, they are indeed necessary elements to the long-term survival of our species.  A necessary part of the nature of life itself and not just humanity – it is nature doing it’s thing.

2.      These differences in any species, these varieties, enables the adaption of species as our planet changes over time.  This is an entirely understandable, provable and mostly an accepted truism – so what is the problem?  Why is there a problem?  What are we doing to resolve the problem of inequality?

 

3.      Given “differences” are omnipresent in any species and a necessary element to the ongoing survival of that species how has it become a problem in humanity?  Why does it need to be said on billboards that “Black Lives Matter”.  How did the Holocaust happen?  How did slavery emerge?  How did Empires emerge?  Why is it the majority of humanity – women - still have a lesser voice in its direction as the minority - men?  How do we end this approach to living together that makes differences a negative impact on humanity and enable oppression and often needless death?

4.      ENDLESS SHADES OF INEQUALITY

The above seems to support the postulations of Robin DiAngelo.  She said:  “All humans have prejudice; we cannot avoid it.” stating further that, “People who claim not to be prejudiced are demonstrating a profound lack of self-awareness.” DiAngelo, Robin “Perception of Race” Inquiry to Academic Writing: A Text and Reader, 5th Edition: page 519: Ebook.  As an individual do I have these thoughts?  The answer is no.  I see the differences as I have eyes and ears that work reasonably well and the differences are often obvious – but never in themselves do the differences in my species constitute a threat to me.  Do I think less of people who do not share my heritage or culture?  Again, no.  In my education, work and social activities I mix everyday with people of different backgrounds.  Presently, I am living abroad and 99% of the time I am a minority of 1 - one Englishman in proximity of some 300 million Americans.  I am curious about Americans and the American way of life.  An opportunity presented itself to me to explore my curiosity with humanity and I actively took it to understand my planet better.  That is why I am in the USA and why I have travelled generally; to expand my knowledge of fellow humans and to understand their views and culture.  I do not feel threatened by the American who fills my car up with “gas”.  I don’t look down on the “Cop” that nods to me when I say “Good Morning” to her in the street.  If DiAngelo is correct; I do not know my own mind.  I have never met her so how does she know my mind?  I can’t prove I am unique any way more than DiAngelo can prove her general statement quoted above so it is likely there are more out there like me.  DiAngelo’s statement on race is a generalisation and is not based on evidence about me and others that may exist like me.

5.       Thoughtless labeling of groups of people helps those who would discriminate against those groups.  We live in a world of soundbites and slogans and the power of such in advertising and politics is accepted.  Billions of dollars a year is spent in promulgating slogans, labels and soundbites in an attempt to rally large groups of people to one action or another - whether to vote or to buy or do something else and are powerful.  The labels of inequality and discrimination include, racism, sexism, ageism, religious intolerance, homophobia etc.  These terms appertain to the disadvantaged groups they effect.  Sexism – relates to a person’s sex or perceived gender.  Ageism, a person’s age and so on.  It seems almost every day that the press and social media report on a protest by one group or another asking for freedom to be themselves and have an equal voice and equal rights in society.  The need to understand inequality and discrimination, is vital to identify those effected and capture the adverse experiences they are exposed to  This is the first step in correcting to the de facto and de jour measures that create and maintain the inequality such groups experience.  The labels given above describe more than they prescribe.  An example of where categorization, labeling and tagging is taken to encompass deep, multilayered action has been explored by Ibram Kendi.  In a short article Kendi wrote: “If we don’t do the basic work of defining the kind of people we want to be in language that is stable and consistent, we can’t work towards stable, consistent goals.”  Kendi, Ibram X “Definitions” Inquiry to Academic Writing: A Text and Reader, 5th Edition: page 529: Ebook

6.       The stable goals he refers to are equality.  Specifically, the eradication of racism.  In his article he introduces and defines the “anti-racist”.  The “anti-racist” and anti-racist acts are measures and attitudes that are considered in depth and achieve a redress in discrimination by means that conventional “race neutral” acts and measures cannot.  Kendi advocates that attitudes and laws that disadvantage minorities can be race neutral on the face of it yet still lead to social inequality.  He cites global warming as an example.  Here he postulates that resolving one country’s need to control its climate could create adverse change in another and therefore discriminate against them.  This is a far-reaching position and one that is full of pitfalls but as a principle it is new (to the author).  In short, if a race neutral law, attitude or opinion is to work against inequality/discrimination none of its consequences can create discrimination.  This is the essence of “anti-racism” and these measures should be enacted until no longer needed.  It is a needs-must approach to redressing inequality across humanity.

7.       CONCLUSIONS

Wikipedia defines social inequality thus:

“Social inequality occurs when resources in a given society are distributed unevenly, typically through norms of allocation, that engender specific patterns along lines of socially defined categories of persons. It is the differentiation preference of access of social goods in the society brought about by power, religion, kinship, prestige, race, ethnicity, gender, age, sexual orientation, and class. Social inequality usually implies the lack of equality of outcome, but may alternatively be conceptualized in terms of the lack of equality of access to opportunity.[1] The social rights include labor market, the source of income, health care, and freedom of speech, education, political representation, and participation.”  Wikipedia, Social inequality - Wikipedia 2/20/2022

8.       If the above definition of social inequality is accepted then “anti-racist” attitudes and laws would completely change the way we live, work and be governed.  Attitudes would also need to be changed by some that seek to drive the inequality debate.  Take DiAngelo’s (a well know campaigner for human rights) and her statement above and my thoughts on her words.  Would that fall within Kendi’s definition of “anti-racist”?  I think not.  She is applying a generalised mindset on me with no evidence about me or the others like me that probably exist.  This is the root of discrimination.  One group imposing on another for some form of gain.  Whether for notoriety, money or power discrimination is the non-observation of difference and the observation of the potential to exploit/oppress.  It is the domination of one group over another for reasons of self-validation or gain.  This is the reason why all subgroups of humanity are exposed to it and why it will persist until the lust for power of one over another has been eradicated from society.

9.       Does this mean we are all doomed to inhabit a world of inequality and discrimination?  For the next few generations, probably.  What is the answer?  To create more humans who see difference and enjoy its presence in the world.  How do we do this?  No idea, but I bet the answer is with our youngest and how they are raised and I bet it needs to start in the cradle to work.  What is certain is that we need to accept and enjoy differences in our species if we, as a species are to survive in the long-term and adapt with our environment and live together in peace.

 

S P RATTLEY

 

Citations:

DiAngelo, Robin “Perception of Race” Inquiry to Academic Writing: A Text and Reader, 5th Edition: page 519: Ebook

 

Kendi, Ibram X “Definitions” Inquiry to Academic Writing: A Text and Reader, 5th Edition: page 529: Ebook

 

Wikipeadia, Social inequality - Wikipedia 2/20/2022

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